What is IVDD in Dogs?
Back pain ranges from mild to severe for humans, and it goes the same for our pups! Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is one of the most common causes of back pain in canines. It can impair a dog’s mobility and quality of life. Although common, it’s not something we take lightly here at Canine PT and Me. We’re here to help with treatment for IVDD in dogs if you suspect your pup is showing signs.
What is the intervertebral disc?
The intervertebral disc is like a jelly donut with a gel-like center surrounded by fibrous layers. It lays between the bony vertebral bodies of the spine to provide cushion, shock absorption, and they allow for motion of the spine.
IVDD is a degenerative disease. It affects the intervertebral discs, which are found between the bones of the spine. Intervertebral disc disease occurs when the discs are weakened and when they are weak, they are more capable of injury. Treatment for IVDD in dogs can be done conservatively or with surgical intervention and the treatment methods are determined by the severity of the symptoms your dog is experiencing. No matter the symptoms (a lot or a little), it is important to get the right type of treatment from the right healthcare professionals to ensure your dog lives a happy and pain-free life!
Identifying IVDD in Dogs
IVDD in dogs is classified into two main types: Hansen Type I and Hansen Type II. Each type has distinct characteristics and affects dogs differently based on their breed, age, and genetic predisposition.
Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) in dogs is a significant health concern that affects the spinal cord and can lead to severe discomfort, pain, and mobility issues. This degenerative condition primarily affects the discs that act as cushions between the vertebrae in the spine. As these discs degenerate, they can herniate or rupture, causing spinal cord compression. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment are crucial for managing IVDD and improving the quality of life for affected dogs. This article delves into the various aspects of intervertebral disc disease, including its signs and symptoms, types, and the role of physical therapy for treatment of IVDD in dogs recovery.
Hansen Type I:
- Generally (not always) occurs in breeds with short legs.
- The outer layer of the vertebral discs become harder over time.
- Discs are at an increased risk of injury because of the hardening.
- High impact activities like playing fetch or jumping are what trigger Type I IVDD.
- It commonly affects younger dogs and chondrodystrophic breeds such as Dachshunds, Frenchies, and Corgis.
- Involves a sudden rupture of the intervertebral disc, leading to acute spinal cord compression.
- The onset of symptoms is usually abrupt and severe, requiring immediate medical attention.
Hansen Type II:
- Generally occurs in other breeds (not as severe as Type I).
- Happens gradually without specific triggering events.
- Discs become less flexible over time.
- Discs break down, which places pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.
- Typically occurs in older, non-chondrodystrophic breeds, such as German Shepherds and Labradors.
- Characterized by the gradual bulging of the intervertebral disc rather than sudden rupture.
- Symptoms develop slowly over time, often leading to chronic back pain and progressive neurological deficits.
Understanding these types helps veterinarians tailor their approach to diagnosis and treatment, ensuring each dog receives the most appropriate care based on their specific condition.
Stages of IVDD in Dogs
Presents mild pain without any evident neurological deficits. Dogs in this stage may show subtle signs such as reluctance to jump or slight discomfort when moving.
Involves moderate pain accompanied by mild neurological deficits. Dogs may exhibit uncoordinated movements, weakness, or slight difficulty walking.
Is marked by severe pain with more noticeable neurological deficits, including partial paralysis. Dogs might struggle significantly with mobility, requiring immediate veterinary attention.
Shows severe neurological deficits with paralysis but retains deep pain sensation. At this stage, dogs often lose significant mobility in their limbs.
Represents the most severe form, with complete paralysis and no deep pain sensation, indicating a severe spinal cord injury requiring urgent treatment of IVDD in dogs.
Causes of IVDD in Dogs
IVDD is primarily caused by the degeneration of the intervertebral discs, which act as cushions between the vertebrae in the spinal column. Several factors contribute to this condition:
- Genetics play a crucial role, and certain breeds, such as Dachshunds, Frenchies, and Corgis, are more predisposed to developing IVDD due to their anatomical structure.
- Age-related degeneration is another significant factor, as older dogs are more likely to experience wear and tear on their intervertebral discs, which can lead to herniation.
- Trauma can precipitate intervertebral disc disease, especially if a dog suffers from a fall or an accident that impacts the spine.
- Obesity increases the stress on the spine, making overweight dogs more susceptible to developing IVDD.
Types of dogs more prone to getting IVDD
What Breeds are most affected:
Over 30 different breeds can get IVDD. It is most common in chondrodystrophic breeds—dogs with long backs and short legs—due to their genetic predisposition for early disc degeneration. Dachshunds are the most well-known breed at risk, with up to 25% developing IVDD in their lifetime. Other small breeds like French Bulldogs, Corgis, Basset Hounds, Pekingese, Shih Tzus, and Beagles are also prone, often showing symptoms as young as 3–6 years old. While less common, larger breeds like Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Dobermans can develop a different form of IVDD, typically later in life and often in the neck or lower back.
Your dog CAN get moving and get around better even if he/she already has IVDD
Symptoms of IVDD in Dogs
A veterinary professional needs to diagnose intervertebral disc disease with certainty. However, dogs with IVDD typically experience at least one of the following signs/symptoms:
- Back or Neck Pain
- Hunched Posture
- Difficulty or Inability to stand
- Inability to Move/Feel Hind Legs
- Sensitivity to Touch
- Hind Limb Weakness
- Unsteadiness
- Anxious Behavior
- Impaired Bowels and/or Bladder Control
Recognizing the signs and symptoms of IVDD in dogs is essential for early intervention. The condition can manifest in various ways depending on the severity of the disc herniation and the area of the spine affected.
- Reluctance to move, jump, or climb stairs
- Sensitivity or pain when touched along the back or neck
- Changes in posture, such as a hunched back or lowered head
- Difficulty walking or standing, with signs of unsteadiness or wobbling
- Weakness in the limbs, particularly the hind legs
- Crying out in pain during movement or when picked up
- Loss of appetite and decreased activity levels due to discomfort
- Paralysis or partial paralysis, depending on the extent of spinal cord injury
- Inability to control urination or defecation
- Complete loss of pain sensation in the affected limbs, which can indicate severe nerve damage
Identifying these symptoms early can lead to prompt veterinary attention, increasing the chances of successful treatment and recovery.
Treatment of IVDD in Dogs
Surgical Treatment vs Conservative Management
There are two approaches for treatment of IVDD in dogs: surgery or conservative management. To make the best decision for your dog’s recovery, we highly recommend consulting with both a certified canine rehabilitation therapist and your veterinarian. It may also be beneficial to get a neurological consult with a veterinarian who is board certified in neurology.
Surgical Treatment
Surgical treatment will help relieve compression at the nerve roots and/or spinal cord. After surgery, the dog is often placed in a crate and takes medication to help with the discomfort, swelling, and to avoid re-injury as they are healing. Physical therapy plays a vital role in the recovery of dogs with IVDD, regardless of whether they undergo surgery.
Conservative Management
Conservative management will combine several things: active rest, medication, physical therapy and rehabilitation. Please note that active rest is different than crate rest! Physical therapy, when combined with other treatments, significantly enhances the recovery outcomes for dogs with IVDD.
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Physical therapy, when combined with other treatments, significantly enhances the recovery outcomes for dogs with IVDD, making it an indispensable part of the rehabilitation process.
Canine PT and Me’s integrated approach not only aids in recovery from IVDD but also enhances dogs’ overall quality of life by restoring their mobility and alleviating pain. Our dedicated team supports pet owners throughout the rehabilitation process, ensuring that both the dog and the owner are comfortable and informed.
The Role of Physical Therapy in IVDD Recovery
Physical therapy plays a vital role in the recovery of dogs with IVDD, regardless of whether they undergo surgery. It aims to restore mobility, alleviate pain, and strengthen the muscles supporting the spine, enhancing the overall recovery process.
Laser Therapy:
It uses low-level infrared light to reduce inflammation and pain in the affected areas, promoting faster healing of damaged tissues and nerves.
Therapeutic Exercises:
Tailored exercises help improve balance, coordination, and muscle strength. These can include simple activities like assisted walking, balance exercises, and controlled movements that prevent further injury.
Massage Therapy:
Regular massages can relieve muscle tension, improve circulation, and reduce pain, contributing to the dog’s overall comfort and well-being during recovery.
Hydrotherapy:
Water-based exercises, such as swimming or walking on an underwater treadmill, reduce the stress on the spine while allowing dogs to build muscle strength and improve their range of motion.
Recovery of Dogs with IVDD
The recovery process for dogs with intervertebral disc disease varies depending on the severity of the condition and the treatment method chosen.
For mild cases of IVDD in dogs, conservative treatment such as strict rest, pain management, and anti-inflammatory medications often leads to significant improvement. Physical therapy is also recommended to support recovery and strengthen the surrounding muscles.
In moderate to severe cases, surgical intervention, such as decompressive surgery, becomes necessary. This surgery removes the herniated disc material to relieve pressure on the spinal cord. Post-surgery, physical therapy and rehabilitation are critical in helping dogs regain mobility and strength.
The recovery timeline can differ. Some dogs improve within weeks, while others may require several months of dedicated care and physical therapy. Throughout this period, consistent monitoring and adjustments to the rehabilitation plan are essential to ensure the best possible outcome.
Physical therapy, when combined with other treatments, significantly enhances the recovery outcomes for dogs with IVDD, making it an indispensable part of the rehabilitation process.
Canine PT and Me’s integrated approach not only aids in recovery from intervertebral disc disease but also enhances dogs’ overall quality of life by restoring their mobility and alleviating pain. Our dedicated team supports pet owners throughout the rehabilitation process, ensuring that both the dog and the owner are comfortable and informed.
Prevention of IVDD in dogs
While complete prevention of Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) in dogs is not always possible due to genetic factors, there are several steps owners can take to minimize the risk. Protecting your furry friend from IVDD starts with simple everyday choices! Here are some practical ways to help prevent IVDD in your dog:
- Maintain a healthy weight for your dog
- Use harnesses instead of collars for walks
- Keep your pup’s core strong with regular gentle exercise
- Avoid high-impact activities like jumping from furniture
- Provide ramps for accessing elevated areas
- Proper lifting by supporting both their front and hindquarters
- Watch for early warning signs like reluctance to move
Remember, prevention is always better than treatment! Regular rehab visits can help catch potential issues early.
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FAQs
Can a dog recover from IVDD without surgery?
Yes, dogs with mild IVDD symptoms can often recover through conservative treatments like rest, anti-inflammatory medications, and physical therapy. However, continuous monitoring by a veterinarian is crucial.
When is surgery recommended for dogs with IVDD?
Surgery is typically recommended for dogs experiencing severe neurological deficits, unmanageable pain, or paralysis. It is essential when conservative treatments fail to consult a neurologist for further medical work-up.
Will IVDD reoccur?
Recurrence is possible, particularly in predisposed breeds. Preventative measures, such as regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce the risk.
What triggers IVDD?
IVDD can be triggered by genetic predisposition, age-related disc degeneration, trauma, or excessive strain on the spine.
How to prevent IVDD in dogs?
Preventing IVDD involves maintaining a healthy weight, providing regular, controlled exercise, and avoiding activities that place undue stress on the spine, especially for high-risk breeds. Limiting the amount of jumping on/off furniture, in/out of cars, and running up/down stairs can help reduce pressure on the spine.
What can I do to help my dog recover faster from IVDD?
Ensuring your dog adheres to the prescribed rest period, administering medications as directed, and engaging in recommended physical therapy sessions are key to speeding up recovery. Providing a supportive and stress-free environment is also beneficial.
What Pawrents Say
“Very happy to have Kelsey help our 15 y.o pug be more comfortable in his old age. We’ve learned a lot more about his back condition, and what we can do to improve his mobility. He loves it when she visits for his PT sessions!”
–Anna W., Napoleon’s mom
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